However, the management of subspecies as part of a metapopulation may appear as the last resource to save this species from extinction, imposing a conservation dilemma.Īmato G, Wharton D, Zainuddin ZZ, Powell JR (1995) Assessment of conservation units for the Sumatran rhinoceros ( Dicerorhinus sumatrensis). Patterns of mitochondrial genetic differentiation may suggest considering Sumatran rhinoceros subspecies as different conservation units. The three mitochondrial haplogroups showed a common divergence time about 80,000 years ago corresponding with a major biogeographic event in the Sundaland region. Estimates of divergence time indicate that the most recent common ancestor of the Sumatran rhinoceros occurred approximately 360,000 years ago. We identified three major phylogenetic groups with moderate genetic differentiation: two distinct haplogroups comprising individuals from both the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra, and a third group from Borneo. This work aims to characterize genetic differentiation between Sumatran rhinoceros subspecies using complete mitochondrial genomes, in order to unravel their maternal evolutionary history and evaluate their status as separate management units. Questions regarding whether populations of the Sumatran rhinoceros should be treated as different management units to preserve genetic diversity have been raised, particularly in light of its severe decline in the wild and low breeding success in captivity. sumatrensis sumatrensis (Sumatran subspecies), and D. It was originally divided into three subspecies but only two have survived, D. The Sumatran rhinoceros ( Dicerorhinus sumatrensis) is the smallest and one of the most endangered rhinoceros species, with less than 100 individuals estimated to live in the wild.
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